Getting Well at Get Well Essay example -- Medicine Physical Therapy Pa

Getting Well at Get Well In this ethnography I will take a look at the differences brought into my place of employment, a physical therapy clinic, which we will call Get Well. I explored the viewpoints of patients, therapists, and the physical therapy aides like myself on the issues of either the job or therapy. I wanted to get a look at the different ideas of patients and my co-workers because our age rages are so distinct. We treat elderly patients and students in junior high school. The different ages bring on different opinions of what therapy really is to some people. This is yet another example of how everyone has their own opinions and views on things. In the essay written by Kenneth L. Pike entitled, A Stereoscopic Window On The World, he explains the differences of etic and emic perspectives when conducting an ethnography. He states, â€Å"Different people may see the same event in different ways.† He explains this throughout his essay. As is my study my view as an outsider would be considered the etic view and the patients would be considered the emic perspective. Pike begins with an example of his own experience of interpreting situations with others. He and another woman had two opposite takes on the same situation. The essay then goes on to explain the difference in situations with reference to the etic and emic perspectives. Get Well is a fairly large facility located in a middle-class society mostly made up of Caucasians. This middle-class society is the small town of Romeo, Michigan. This clinic is located on Van Dyke Road between Thirty-one and Thirty-two mile roads. It is directly across the street from another physical therapy clinic whose patients always believe they are in ... ...hotherapy clinic rather than a physical therapy clinic. You have the young and old and all have similar problems, but yet they are so different. I sometimes get the impression that patients do no want to listen to me because I am so young. The young patients tend to take my instructions more seriously than the elderly do. They would rather hear it from the therapist himself. The major differences in patients’ attitudes all depend on their age. I enjoy working at the clinic because it is such a diverse place and not one day is ever the same. As I learned from my co-worker’s interviews just take everything with a grain of salt. Living with people’s opinions and attitudes is just part of our everyday life. Works Cited Pike, Kenneth. â€Å"A Stereoscopic Window on the World.† 23 February 1998. 9 December 2001 http://www.sil.org/klp/eticemic.htm.

Sacrifice is often necessary to resolve conflict Essay

The power of sacrifice should never be underestimated. Where have the capacity to give up a possession or what is valuable to us for the sake of other’s considerations, tensions and conflict can usually be resolved. As a naà ¯ve and confused teenager, I left the country and all that I had ever known. The idyllic setting of Surrey Hills, where the autumn leaves created a dusty orange wave on the concrete pavement was replaced by a bluestone cottage in a small Belgian town. It was on this French exchange trip where I learned life’s most valuable lessons about conflict and the sacrifices we must make to achieve the greater good and overcome challenges that we face. It wasn’t until I sacrificed my security in entrusting strangers and crushed the barrier of cultural values and etiquette, that I was able to fully integrate into my exchange family and their way of life, and thus overcome the conflict that I was catapulted with. Firstly, conflict is a natural occurrence in human nature and the world that surrounds us. Self-actualization and self-esteem are considered the most rewarding aspects of human achievement. However, a world without conflict is stagnant and unprogressive. Healthy skeptism and the opposing views of one or more people provide us with the basis for progress and to develop as humans. Develop idea Sacrificing what we consider to be important to us, including our moral dignity and wills, is often a necessary step in resolving conflict. Resolving conflict is often dependent on sacrificing not only tangible goods or in some cases lives, it frequently involves going against one’s wills to ultimately come to a balanced agreement with another party. Global conflicts such as war require combatants to make several sacrifices. Firstly, it involves sacrificing one’s unwillingness to kill. A personal account from Australian Solider, Private Cecil Anthony McAnulty, reveals the self-sacrifices of war in the Australian offensive of 1915; â€Å"This is only suicide, boys†¦. â€Å"I’m going to make a jump for it.† Cecil’s expenses, as well as that of many others demonstrate the opposition to one’s wills, often involving their own lives that are associated with the loyalty to one’s country during times of conflict. It is clear that it takes great courage and mental strength to make the decision to kill another human. Fowler too, is forced to make sacrifices when faced with the predicament of inaction. To be ‘engage’ or ‘degage’ both in relationships and in politics remain the  core of Fowler’s dilemmas. Both journalists have the desire to achieve the ‘common good’ however; Mr Heng also reflects that in any conflict â€Å"one has to take sides. If one is to remain human.† Hence, abandoning one’s moral values and consideration of what is morally right, is often required in order to make progress. Similarly, Pyle’s covert intervention on behalf of his government results in the slaughter of Vietnamese civilians. The American is convinced that democracy will ‘save’ Vietnam, but he views the conflict merely through the prism of his own ideological prejudices. Thus, if he and many other Americans had allowed themselves to alter these ideologies, the destructive course in Vietnam may not have been so severe. Thus, making decisions in any situation will involve a missed opportunity or expense. Yet, we must also consider to what extent we risk or sense of moral values during conflict. Good paragraph!! Conflict is often cyclical – to ultimately resolve conflict, we need implement long-term measures and adhere to these obligations. What is clear from encountering conflict, is that entities most likely to lapse into negatively fuelled encounters are those that have been there before. Every post-conflict environment contains the potential seeds for another outburst. The worst horrors in global conflict have usually stemmed from inadequate arrangements for peace building in a previous encounter. The Arusha Peace Agreement in August 1993 is an example of an inappropriate agreement — based on the inconceivability of ceasefire and power sharing arrangements between the Hutus and Tutsis. It was clear that these groups relied on their armies as the instrument of power, and the stark ethnic differences served as an obstacle to the idea of integration. By July 1994 genocide had erupted, constituting as much as 20% of the country’s total population and 70% of the Tutsi’s then living in Rwanda. Thus, it is clear that conflict has is cyclical in nature. A peaceful conclusion is not always possible but often requires a sacrifice beyond a temporary or face value measure. For Fowler, the implications of cyclical conflict are clear. He has the choice of condoning the probable murder of Pyle or infliction further killings of civilians through his Pyle’s Third Force.’ Moral dignity is often on the line when we make such sacrifices. Whilst we can sympathise for Fowler, his decision was justified given that saving that lives of thousand of civilians  outweighs the loss of one. Likewise, the historical wrongs involved in the colonisation of Australia are an example of conflict continuing to haunt the nation today. Indigenous people are subjected to racism in society and are far more likely to be a victim of domest ic violence or drug abuse. Undeniably, Kevin Rudd’s apology speech in February 2008 was not able alter the impacts of the government’s policies that inflicted profound grief, suffering and loss on fellow Australians. Nonetheless, the apology speech was able to â€Å"remove a great stain from the nation’s soul and in the true spirit of reconciliation to open a new chapter in the history of this great land Australia.† Thus, cyclical conflict cannot be dismissed with transient measures. It is only through conflict and making sacrifices that we are able to reconsider what is valuable to us and make progress as individuals. Good TP Whilst conflict involves making noteworthy sacrifices and can often have tragic results, it can also be a catalyst for personal growth and worthwhile social and political change. Often, the results outweigh the implications that the conflict caused and even lead to a greater understanding of what we value as a society. The 1960’s civil rights movement in America can be seen as a necessary social conflict without which, racial injustice would have continued. Rosa Park’s refusal to give up her bus seat to a white man in 1955 sparked intense protests by blacks and concerned whites. However, what is clear is that sometimes defying laws and taking risks is necessary in standing up to racial equality. Similarly, Martin Luther King’s legacy demonstrates that through times of conflict, a sacrifice of laws and risk is necessary to stand against racial inequality. Whilst white extremist groups such as the Klu Klux Klan, embarked upon a campaign against black Americans and their white supporters, the dedication of leaders such as Martin Luther King demonstrate the reconsideration of achieving the greater good for American society and integration for all blacks. What is clear from reading The Quiet American and researching The Vietnam War, is that the result of the conflict had wide-reaching effects on both the communities of Vietnam and global response. With the illicit killings of thousands of innocent civilians in the name of communism containment, the public’s reaction was far from approving. After the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam, the nation was able to reassess what should be the motivation behind involving in conflict. That is – not an  intervention into a war that is not ‘ours’ nor the suffering and grief of the innocent civilizations as a result of this intervention. Thus, through conflict and the tensions that it encounters, it is possibly for a nation to reaffirm what is morally and ethically right and thus make progress as a diplomatic wester society. Conclusion needs a greater impact: During times of conflict a sacrifice is often required to achieve a resolution. Whether that is our moral dignity, wills, values or cultural identities, this risk is needed also to reduce the risk of counter-conflict. However, what is clear is that the resolution of war, tensions and injustice can outweigh the impacts of the conflict. Through this, we are able to reconsider what is valuable and progress as humans and nations. Written Explanation: My piece is a predominantly expository essay and includes a small extract of personal reflection. This structure allowed me to employ to conventions of a traditional essay whilst the reflection serves as an introduction to what I perceive to be the implications of conflict. Cumulatively, the sophisticated tone and reasoned arguments serve as my base. I have chosen formal language so to ensure my arguments sound reasoned and sophisticated. Additionally, the descriptive and poetic language in my introduction serves as a personal touch to engage readers. My piece would be best suited the VCE cohort who have read the text The Quiet American by Graham Greene and have an informed knowledge of the Vietnam War and other mentions events as they are most likely have a greater understanding of the depth of thought and relevance of examples. Its main purpose is to reflect on the various aspects of encountering conflict and its significance in the world around us. Firstly, I concede that conflict is natural and that it enables us to progress as humans and society. Then I iterate the various forms of sacrifice necessary during the reconciliation process of conflict whilst also acknowledging that conflict has a cyclical nature and thus we need to sacrifice something greater in order to prevent future conflict. Furthermore, I explain the implications of sacrifice and conflict and demonstrate its ability to create positive outcomes that allow for growth and a reconsideration of what is important in life. Finally, the essay, which is based around why ‘sacrifice is often necessary to resolve conflict’, is relevant to many as undeniably,  we all face various forms of conflict at some point in our lives. It is also necessary that we manage conflict effectively and remain in touch with our own beliefs and values.

Good Behavior The History and Employment of Applied Behavioral Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1718 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Employment Essay Did you like this example? Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD is a developmental disorder that affects behavior, communication, cognition, emotional intelligence, and sensory stimulation. Although one can be diagnosed with Autism at any age, it is considered a developmental disorder because symptoms generally appear and are diagnosed within in the first two years of life (National Institute of Mental Health, 2018). While ASD is very common with 1 in every 59 children being affected by Autism, each case has a unique combination of symptoms (Autism Speaks, 2018b). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Good Behavior: The History and Employment of Applied Behavioral Analysis" essay for you Create order The list of symptoms associated with Autism is vast, some of the most common traits and actions include: difficulty or lack of interest in communicating with others, repetitive behaviors (such as self-stimulatory behavior â€Å"stimming† or echolalia), intense obsessive interests, hypersensitivity to light and sound, delayed accusation or lack of speech, self-injurious behavior, impulsivity, and inappropriate social interaction (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2018) (Rudy, 2018b) (National Autistic Society, 2018) (Edelson, 2000). The DSM-V divides individuals with ASD into three categories based on level of severity: Level 1 â€Å"Requiring support†, Level 2 â€Å"Requiring substantial support†, Level 3 â€Å"Requiring very substantial support† (Autism Speaks, 2018b). Other common disorders related to or also considered to be under the umbrella of ASD are: Asperger’s syndrome, Tourettes syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Rhett syndrome, learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, dyspraxia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), sleep problems, and sensory difficulties National Health Service, 2018) (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2018) (Autism Speaks, 2018c). Due to the wide range of symptoms that one can manifest, multilevel diagnostic criteria, and various related disorders that can qualify one for an ASD diagnosis and each individual case is just that, individual. Dr. Stephen Shore, a proud member of the ASD community himself and prominent professor of special education at Adelphi University, famously stated, â€Å"If youve met one person with autism, youve met one person with autism† to illustrate just how diverse the Autism spectrum is (Organization for Autism Research, 2018) (The International Board of Crede ntialing and Continuing Education Standards, 2018). The focus of this paper is the behavioral aspect of ASD and the most common treatment of inappropriate behavior as a result of Autism, Applied Behavioral Analysis or ABA therapy. ABA therapy is the leading method of treatment for ASD and the most widely endorsed, organizations such as the National Institute of Health, the Association for Science in Autism Treatment, as well as the U.S. Surgeon General all consider ABA the best course of treatment for ASD (Centria Autism Services, 2018). The core of ABA therapy is teaching children new skills by breaking them into smaller actions and positively reinforcing each progression towards the goal action. Success in ABA therapy is described as increasing behaviors that are helpful to the child and decreasing behaviors that are harmful to the child or negatively affect their learning (Autism Speaks, 2018a). There is no cure for Autism and ABA does not claim to â€Å"cure† children but rather aims to enhance their quality of life by teaching them valuable skills in communication, self-sufficiency, and emotional intelligence. The late Dr. Ivar Lovaas is credited as the father of ABA therapy. After earning his PhD in clinical psychology from the University of Washington in 1958 Lovaas began his career in applied psychology as an assistant professor at the University’s Child Development Institute under clinician Sidney Bijou—a student of zeitgeist of behavioralism, Dr. B.F. Skinner—during this time working under Bijou Lovaas developed his idea for a behavior-shaping form of therapy for children with ASD (Devita-Raeburn, 2016). In 1970 Lovaas launched the Young Autism Project and began putting ABA therapy into practice. Lovaas heavily focused on â€Å"normalizing† Autistic children and extinguishing behaviors that were considered overtly â€Å"Autism-like †. One such behavior his approach harshly discouraged was self-stimulatory behavior, also referred to as â€Å"stimming†Ã¢â‚¬â€a set of repetitive acts such as hand-flapping or other tics that ASD children use to dispel energy and anxiety (Devita-Raeburn, 2016) (Rudy 2018b). A regrettable part of the history of ABA was the corporal manner in which therapists were instructed to eliminate ASD behaviors. In the initial trials of ABA, therapists slapped, shouted at, taunted or even administered electrical shocks to children to reduce unwanted tics (Devita-Raeburn, 2016). Many opposers of ABA often reference such practices when expressing their dissent of ABA therapy but it is important to note that ABA as well as ethical regulations have both progressed immensely since the inauguration of Lovaas’ studies in the early 1970’s—contemporary ABA omits any type of positive punishment behavior shaping. Despite the unsavory and overly regimented implementation of the therapy, after the first 14 months of treatment his patients exhibited enormous improvements in suppression of inappropriate social behaviors as well as strides in behaviors; such as speech, play, and social nonverbal behavior—improvement in the children’s IQs were also recorded (Devita-Raeburn, 2016). As for my personal connection to the world of ABA therapy, I will be starting training in January to become a Registered Behavioral Therapist or an RBT. This will be my first experience in a professional field and I eager to begin. I have had several positions in which I gained experience working closely with children on the Autism spectrum and I hope to continue with this type of work after graduating. To become an RBT I must first complete 40-hours of training conducted by the Behavioral Analyst Certification Board and pass the RBT exam (Behavioral Analyst Certification Board, 2018). Upon passing I will be able to start working with clients directly, usual sessions are conducted in the home, which is reflective of the hybrid approach the agency I will be working for uses. At Gateway Learning Group principles of ABA are employed as well as strategies from programs such as Pivotal Response Treatment, Discrete Trial Training, and the Early Start Denver Model (Gateway Learning Group, 2018). As I have been conducting research for this assignment, I have come across multiple viewpoints on Autism treatment and ABA therapy in particular. When I originally came across negative viewpoints, I was worried to align myself with of a problematic type of treatment. After further research I have come to understand the prominent critiques of ABA are that it is marketed as the â€Å"only option† to parents and it is an attempt to change children in a derogatory way. To the first point, ABA is the most well-known and extensively peracted form of treatment because it came about fairly early. Before Lovaas, the main form of treatment for ASD was to be sent to an institution (which were very scary places back in 1950s), while Lovaas had a less than perfect approach e thically-speaking he did save generations of children from being sent to the â€Å"looney bin†. Additionally, it is difficult to run trials, and subsequently popularize, new forms of treatment because most parents have little interest in their child being a â€Å"guinea pig† for a new study or a be part of a control group and remain untreated. Secondly, I disagree with the claim that ABA is an insulting practice, most of the rhetoric I have come across that asserts such goes on to say that people with ASD should be regarded as â€Å"different† but not â€Å"atypical†Ã¢â‚¬â€yet those words are synonyms—and should not be undergo treatment to change their behavior. Personally I have nothing but compassion and respect for all the people in my family, social circle, and work environment with ASD and I do not look down on them or see them as needing to be â€Å"fixed† but seeking treatment to improve their social skills, self-sufficiency, and communication are all things that ultimate enrich their overall quality of life by enabling them to form de eper relationships, live more independently, and even obtain jobs to help support themselves. Bibliography Association for Play Therapy. (2018). Why play? Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.a4pt.org/page/PTMakesADifference/Play-Therapy-Makes-a-Difference.htm Autism Speaks Inc. (2018a). Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.autismspeaks.org/applied-behavior-analysis-aba-0 Autism Speaks Inc. (2018b). DSM-5 criteria. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.autismspeaks.org/dsm-5-criteria Autism Speaks Inc. (2018c). What is autism? Retrieved December 1, 2018, from https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism Behavioral Analyst Certification Board. (2018). RBT REQUIREMENTS. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.bacb.com/rbt/rbt-requirements/ Centria Autism Services. (2018). Applied Behavior Analysis Therapy ABA therapies, autism services | Centria Healthcare. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.centriaautism.com/aba-therapy.html Devita-Raeburn, E. (2016, August 15). The controversy over autisms most common therapy. Retrieved D ecember 9, 2018, from https://www.spectrumnews.org/features/deep-dive/controversy-autisms-common-therapy/ Edelson, S., Dr. (2000). Understanding and Treating Self-Injurious Behavior. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.autism.com/symptoms_self-injury Gateway Learning Group. (2018). Gateway Learning Group. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.gatewaylg.com/ Holland, K. (2018, July 18). Levels of Autism: symptoms and Outlook of Severity Levels 1, 2, and 3. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.healthline.com/health/levels-of-autism The International Board of Credentialing and Continuing Education Standards. (2018, April 26). Interview with Dr. Stephen Shore. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://ibcces.org/blog/2018/03/23/12748/ Larsson, E. V., Wright, S. (2011). O. Ivar Lovaas (1927-2010). US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 111-114. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089401/. The Lovaa s Center. (2013). Dr. Ole Ivar Lovaas | Pioneer of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://thelovaascenter.com/about-us/dr-ivar-lovaas/ McNamara, R. (2016). Home: News: parents and friends. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from https://www.autismsupportnetwork.com/news/autism-and-stigma-parenting-2748294 Mayo Clinic Staff. (2018, January 6). Autism spectrum disorder. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928 National Autistic Society. (2018). Obsessions, repetitive behaviour and routines. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.autism.org.uk/about/behaviour/obsessions-repetitive-routines.aspx National Health Service. (2018). Symptoms Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/symptoms/ National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, March). Autism spectrum disorder. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from https ://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml Organization for Autism Research. (2018). Stephen Shore. Retrieved December 9, 2018, from https://researchautism.org/who-we-are/stephen-shore/ Rudy, L. J., Forman, J. (2018a, August 31). Is applied behavioral analysis (aba) right for my autistic child? Retrieved December 2, 2018, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/aba-applied-behavioral-analysis-therapy-autism-259913 Rudy, L. J., Forman, J. (2018b, November 6). Why Does My Autistic Child Rock, Flap, and Pace? Retrieved December 2, 2018, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-stimming-in-autism-260034 (stimming) Rudy, L. J., Forman, J. (2018c, November 28). Why Does My Child with Autism Echo Words and Sounds? Retrieved December 2, 2018, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-does-my-child-with-autism-repeat-words-and-phrases-260144 (echolalia) Sarris, M. (2016, February 04). Families Face Autism Stigma, Isolation. Retrieved December 1, 2018, from ht tps://iancommunity.org/ssc/families-face-autism-stigma-isolation